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Topic #59

HTML vs. XHTML


XHTML is a stricter, more XML-based version of HTML.


What is XHTML?

  • XHTML stands for EXtensible HyperText Markup Language
  • XHTML is a stricter, more XML-based version of HTML
  • XHTML is HTML defined as an XML application
  • XHTML is supported by all major browsers

Why XHTML?

XML is a markup language where all documents must be marked up correctly (be "well-formed").

XHTML was developed to make HTML more extensible and flexible to work with other data formats (such as XML). In addition, browsers ignore errors in HTML pages, and try to display the website even if it has some errors in the markup. So XHTML comes with a much stricter error handling.

If you want to study XML, please read our XML Tutorial.


The Most Important Differences from HTML

  • is mandatory
  • The xmlns attribute in is mandatory
  • , , , and <body> are mandatory </li> <li>Elements must always be properly nested</li> <li>Elements must always be closed</li> <li>Elements must always be in lowercase</li> <li>Attribute names must always be in lowercase</li> <li>Attribute values must always be quoted</li> <li>Attribute minimization is forbidden</li> </ul> <hr> <h2 id="xhtml-is-mandatory">XHTML - <!DOCTYPE ....> Is Mandatory</h2> <p>An XHTML document must have an XHTML <!DOCTYPE> declaration.</p> <p>The <html>, <head>, <title>, and <body> elements must also be present, and the xmlns attribute in <html> must specify the xml namespace for the document.</p> <h3>Example</h3> <pre><code class="language-html"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>Title of document</title> </head> <body> some content here... </body> </html> </code></pre> <hr> <h2 id="xhtml-elements-must-be-properly-nested">XHTML Elements Must be Properly Nested</h2> <p>In XHTML, elements must always be properly nested within each other, like this:</p> <h3>Correct:</h3> <pre><code class="language-html"><b><i>Some text</i></b> </code></pre> <h3>Wrong:</h3> <pre><code class="language-html"><b><i>Some text</b></i> </code></pre> <hr> <h2 id="xhtml-elements-must-always-be-closed">XHTML Elements Must Always be Closed</h2> <p>In XHTML, elements must always be closed, like this:</p> <h3>Correct:</h3> <pre><code class="language-html"><p>This is a paragraph</p> <p>This is another paragraph</p> </code></pre> <h3>Wrong:</h3> <pre><code class="language-html"><p>This is a paragraph <p>This is another paragraph </code></pre> <hr> <h2 id="xhtml-empty-elements-must-always-be-closed">XHTML Empty Elements Must Always be Closed</h2> <p>In XHTML, empty elements must always be closed, like this:</p> <h3>Correct:</h3> <pre><code class="language-html">A break: <br /> A horizontal rule: <hr /> An image: <img src="happy.gif" alt="Happy face" /> </code></pre> <h3>Wrong:</h3> <pre><code class="language-html">A break: <br> A horizontal rule: <hr> An image: <img src="happy.gif" alt="Happy face"> </code></pre> <hr> <h2 id="xhtml-elements-must-be-in-lowercase">XHTML Elements Must be in Lowercase</h2> <p>In XHTML, element names must always be in lowercase, like this:</p> <h3>Correct:</h3> <pre><code class="language-html"><body> <p>This is a paragraph</p> </body> </code></pre> <h3>Wrong:</h3> <pre><code class="language-html"><BODY> <P>This is a paragraph</P> </BODY> </code></pre> <hr> <h2 id="xhtml-attribute-names-must-be-in-lowercase">XHTML Attribute Names Must be in Lowercase</h2> <p>In XHTML, attribute names must always be in lowercase, like this:</p> <h3>Correct:</h3> <pre><code class="language-html"><a href="https://www.w3schools.com/html/">Visit our HTML tutorial</a> </code></pre> <h3>Wrong:</h3> <pre><code class="language-html"><a HREF="https://www.w3schools.com/html/">Visit our HTML tutorial</a> </code></pre> <hr> <h2 id="xhtml-attribute-values-must-be-quoted">XHTML Attribute Values Must be Quoted</h2> <p>In XHTML, attribute values must always be quoted, like this:</p> <h3>Correct:</h3> <pre><code class="language-html"><a href="https://www.w3schools.com/html/">Visit our HTML tutorial</a> </code></pre> <h3>Wrong:</h3> <pre><code class="language-html"><a href=https://www.w3schools.com/html/>Visit our HTML tutorial</a> </code></pre> <hr> <h2 id="xhtml-attribute-minimization-is-forbidden">XHTML Attribute Minimization is Forbidden</h2> <p>In XHTML, attribute minimization is forbidden:</p> <h3>Correct:</h3> <pre><code class="language-html"> <input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="car" checked="checked" /> <input type="text" name="lastname" disabled="disabled" /> </code></pre> <h3>Wrong:</h3> <pre><code class="language-html"> <input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="car" checked /> <input type="text" name="lastname" disabled /> </code></pre> <hr> <h2 id="validate-html-with-the-w3c-validator">Validate HTML With The W3C Validator</h2> </div><div class="share-bar"><strong>Share:</strong><a href="https://wa.me/?text=HTML%20vs.%20XHTML%20https%3A%2F%2Fcodingnowai.com%2Fnotes%2Fhtml%2Fhtml-vs-xhtml" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="share-btn s-wa"><svg stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" viewBox="0 0 448 512" height="14" width="14" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M380.9 97.1C339 55.1 283.2 32 223.9 32c-122.4 0-222 99.6-222 222 0 39.1 10.2 77.3 29.6 111L0 480l117.7-30.9c32.4 17.7 68.9 27 106.1 27h.1c122.3 0 224.1-99.6 224.1-222 0-59.3-25.2-115-67.1-157zm-157 341.6c-33.2 0-65.7-8.9-94-25.7l-6.7-4-69.8 18.3L72 359.2l-4.4-7c-18.5-29.4-28.2-63.3-28.2-98.2 0-101.7 82.8-184.5 184.6-184.5 49.3 0 95.6 19.2 130.4 54.1 34.8 34.9 56.2 81.2 56.1 130.5 0 101.8-84.9 184.6-186.6 184.6zm101.2-138.2c-5.5-2.8-32.8-16.2-37.9-18-5.1-1.9-8.8-2.8-12.5 2.8-3.7 5.6-14.3 18-17.6 21.8-3.2 3.7-6.5 4.2-12 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class="ts-num">1</span><span class="ts-title">HTML HOME</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-introduction/"><span class="ts-num">2</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Introduction</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-editors/"><span class="ts-num">3</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Editors</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-basic/"><span class="ts-num">4</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Basic</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-elements/"><span class="ts-num">5</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Elements</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-attributes/"><span class="ts-num">6</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Attributes</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-headings/"><span class="ts-num">7</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Headings</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-paragraphs/"><span class="ts-num">8</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Paragraphs</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-styles/"><span class="ts-num">9</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Styles</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-formatting/"><span class="ts-num">10</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Formatting</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-quotations/"><span class="ts-num">11</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Quotations</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-comments/"><span class="ts-num">12</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Comments</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-colors/"><span class="ts-num">13</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Colors</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/rgb/"><span class="ts-num">14</span><span class="ts-title">RGB</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/hex/"><span class="ts-num">15</span><span class="ts-title">HEX</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/hsl/"><span class="ts-num">16</span><span class="ts-title">HSL</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-css/"><span class="ts-num">17</span><span class="ts-title">HTML CSS</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-links/"><span class="ts-num">18</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Links</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/link-colors/"><span class="ts-num">19</span><span class="ts-title">Link Colors</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/link-bookmarks/"><span class="ts-num">20</span><span class="ts-title">Link Bookmarks</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-images/"><span class="ts-num">21</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Images</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/image-map/"><span class="ts-num">22</span><span class="ts-title">Image Map</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/background-images/"><span class="ts-num">23</span><span class="ts-title">Background Images</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/the-picture-element/"><span class="ts-num">24</span><span class="ts-title">The Picture Element</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-project/"><span class="ts-num">25</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Project</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-favicon/"><span class="ts-num">26</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Favicon</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-page-title/"><span class="ts-num">27</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Page Title</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-tables/"><span class="ts-num">28</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Tables</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/table-borders/"><span class="ts-num">29</span><span class="ts-title">Table Borders</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/table-sizes/"><span class="ts-num">30</span><span class="ts-title">Table Sizes</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/table-headers/"><span class="ts-num">31</span><span class="ts-title">Table Headers</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/padding-spacing/"><span class="ts-num">32</span><span class="ts-title">Padding & Spacing</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/colspan-rowspan/"><span class="ts-num">33</span><span class="ts-title">Colspan & Rowspan</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/table-styling/"><span class="ts-num">34</span><span class="ts-title">Table Styling</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/table-colgroup/"><span class="ts-num">35</span><span class="ts-title">Table Colgroup</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-lists/"><span class="ts-num">36</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Lists</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/unordered-lists/"><span class="ts-num">37</span><span class="ts-title">Unordered Lists</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/ordered-lists/"><span class="ts-num">38</span><span class="ts-title">Ordered Lists</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/other-lists/"><span class="ts-num">39</span><span class="ts-title">Other Lists</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-block-inline/"><span class="ts-num">40</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Block & Inline</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-div/"><span class="ts-num">41</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Div</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-classes/"><span class="ts-num">42</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Classes</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-id/"><span class="ts-num">43</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Id</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-buttons/"><span class="ts-num">44</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Buttons</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-iframes/"><span class="ts-num">45</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Iframes</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-javascript/"><span class="ts-num">46</span><span class="ts-title">HTML JavaScript</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-file-paths/"><span class="ts-num">47</span><span class="ts-title">HTML File Paths</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-head/"><span class="ts-num">48</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Head</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-layout/"><span class="ts-num">49</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Layout</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-responsive/"><span class="ts-num">50</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Responsive</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-computercode/"><span class="ts-num">51</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Computercode</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-semantics/"><span class="ts-num">52</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Semantics</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-style-guide/"><span class="ts-num">53</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Style Guide</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-entities/"><span class="ts-num">54</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Entities</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-symbols/"><span class="ts-num">55</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Symbols</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-emojis/"><span class="ts-num">56</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Emojis</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-charsets/"><span class="ts-num">57</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Charsets</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-url-encode/"><span class="ts-num">58</span><span class="ts-title">HTML URL Encode</span></a><a class="ts-item active" href="/notes/html/html-vs-xhtml/"><span class="ts-num">59</span><span class="ts-title">HTML vs. XHTML</span></a></div><div class="ts-group"><div class="ts-group-label">HTML Forms</div><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-forms/"><span class="ts-num">60</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Forms</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-form-attributes/"><span class="ts-num">61</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Form Attributes</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-form-elements/"><span class="ts-num">62</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Form Elements</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-input-types/"><span class="ts-num">63</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Input Types</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-input-attributes/"><span class="ts-num">64</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Input Attributes</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/input-form-attributes/"><span class="ts-num">65</span><span class="ts-title">Input Form Attributes</span></a></div><div class="ts-group"><div class="ts-group-label">HTML Graphics</div><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-canvas/"><span class="ts-num">66</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Canvas</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-svg/"><span class="ts-num">67</span><span class="ts-title">HTML SVG</span></a></div><div class="ts-group"><div class="ts-group-label">HTML Media</div><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-media/"><span class="ts-num">68</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Media</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-video/"><span class="ts-num">69</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Video</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-audio/"><span class="ts-num">70</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Audio</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-plug-ins/"><span class="ts-num">71</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Plug-ins</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-youtube/"><span class="ts-num">72</span><span class="ts-title">HTML YouTube</span></a></div><div class="ts-group"><div class="ts-group-label">HTML APIs</div><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-web-apis/"><span class="ts-num">73</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Web APIs</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-geolocation/"><span class="ts-num">74</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Geolocation</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-drag-and-drop/"><span class="ts-num">75</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Drag and Drop</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-web-storage/"><span class="ts-num">76</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Web Storage</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-web-workers/"><span class="ts-num">77</span><span class="ts-title">HTML Web Workers</span></a><a class="ts-item " href="/notes/html/html-sse/"><span class="ts-num">78</span><span class="ts-title">HTML SSE</span></a></div></aside></div><section class="cn-faq-section" aria-label="HTML vs. XHTML – FAQs"><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"FAQPage","mainEntity":[{"@type":"Question","name":"What does this HTML vs. XHTML note cover?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"This free note from CodingNow 2.0 explains HTML vs. XHTML in HTML — concept, syntax and worked code examples you can copy, run and revise before interviews."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Is this HTML vs. XHTML tutorial free?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Yes. Every HTML topic on CodingNow 2.0, including HTML vs. XHTML, is 100% free with no signup required."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"How long does it take to learn HTML vs. XHTML?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"With focused practice, most students grasp HTML vs. XHTML in 1–3 days from these notes; pairing it with CodingNow 2.0's mentor-led course takes you to job-ready depth faster."}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Where can I practise HTML vs. XHTML after reading?","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Use the code examples in this note, then ask doubts for free on the CodingNow 2.0 Community (/community) — expert instructors answer within 24 hours."}}]}</script><div class="cn-faq-inner"><h2 class="cn-faq-title">HTML vs. XHTML – FAQs</h2><p class="cn-faq-sub">Quick answers about learning HTML vs. XHTML in HTML.</p><div class="cn-faq-list"><div class="cn-faq-item "><button type="button" class="cn-faq-q" aria-expanded="false"><span>What does this HTML vs. XHTML note cover?</span><span class="cn-faq-icon" aria-hidden="true">+</span></button><div class="cn-faq-a">This free note from CodingNow 2.0 explains HTML vs. XHTML in HTML — concept, syntax and worked code examples you can copy, run and revise before interviews.</div></div><div class="cn-faq-item "><button type="button" class="cn-faq-q" aria-expanded="false"><span>Is this HTML vs. XHTML tutorial free?</span><span class="cn-faq-icon" aria-hidden="true">+</span></button><div class="cn-faq-a">Yes. Every HTML topic on CodingNow 2.0, including HTML vs. XHTML, is 100% free with no signup required.</div></div><div class="cn-faq-item "><button type="button" class="cn-faq-q" aria-expanded="false"><span>How long does it take to learn HTML vs. XHTML?</span><span class="cn-faq-icon" aria-hidden="true">+</span></button><div class="cn-faq-a">With focused practice, most students grasp HTML vs. XHTML in 1–3 days from these notes; pairing it with CodingNow 2.0's mentor-led course takes you to job-ready depth faster.</div></div><div class="cn-faq-item "><button type="button" class="cn-faq-q" aria-expanded="false"><span>Where can I practise HTML vs. XHTML after reading?</span><span class="cn-faq-icon" aria-hidden="true">+</span></button><div class="cn-faq-a">Use the code examples in this note, then ask doubts for free on the CodingNow 2.0 Community (/community) — expert instructors answer within 24 hours.</div></div></div></div></section></main><!--$--><!--/$--></div><footer 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So XHTML comes with a much stricter error handling.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you want to study XML, please read our XML Tutorial.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"the-most-important-differences-from-html\"\u003eThe Most Important Differences from HTML\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003c!DOCTYPE\u003e is mandatory\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe xmlns attribute in \u003chtml\u003e is mandatory\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003chtml\u003e, \u003chead\u003e, \u003ctitle\u003e, and \u003cbody\u003e are mandatory\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eElements must always be properly nested\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eElements must always be closed\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eElements must always be in lowercase\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAttribute names must always be in lowercase\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAttribute values must always be quoted\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAttribute minimization is forbidden\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"xhtml-is-mandatory\"\u003eXHTML - \u003c!DOCTYPE ....\u003e Is Mandatory\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn XHTML document must have an XHTML \u003c!DOCTYPE\u003e declaration.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003chtml\u003e, \u003chead\u003e, \u003ctitle\u003e, and \u003cbody\u003e elements must also be present, and the xmlns attribute in \u003chtml\u003e must specify the xml namespace for the document.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eExample\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-html\"\u003e \u0026#x3C;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN\"\n\n \"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd\"\u003e\n\u0026#x3C;html xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\"\u003e\n\n\u0026#x3C;head\u003e\n\n\u0026#x3C;title\u003eTitle of document\u0026#x3C;/title\u003e\n\n\u0026#x3C;/head\u003e\n\n\u0026#x3C;body\u003e\n\n some content here...\n\n\u0026#x3C;/body\u003e\n\n\u0026#x3C;/html\u003e\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"xhtml-elements-must-be-properly-nested\"\u003eXHTML Elements Must be Properly Nested\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn XHTML, elements must always be properly nested within each other, like this:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCorrect:\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-html\"\u003e\u0026#x3C;b\u003e\u0026#x3C;i\u003eSome\n text\u0026#x3C;/i\u003e\u0026#x3C;/b\u003e\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWrong:\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-html\"\u003e\u0026#x3C;b\u003e\u0026#x3C;i\u003eSome\n text\u0026#x3C;/b\u003e\u0026#x3C;/i\u003e\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"xhtml-elements-must-always-be-closed\"\u003eXHTML Elements Must Always be Closed\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn XHTML, elements must always be closed, like this:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCorrect:\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-html\"\u003e\u0026#x3C;p\u003eThis is a paragraph\u0026#x3C;/p\u003e\n\n\u0026#x3C;p\u003eThis is another paragraph\u0026#x3C;/p\u003e\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWrong:\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-html\"\u003e\u0026#x3C;p\u003eThis is a paragraph\n\n\u0026#x3C;p\u003eThis is another paragraph\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"xhtml-empty-elements-must-always-be-closed\"\u003eXHTML Empty Elements Must Always be Closed\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn XHTML, empty elements must always be closed, like this:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCorrect:\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-html\"\u003eA break: \u0026#x3C;br /\u003e\n\nA horizontal rule: \u0026#x3C;hr /\u003e\n\nAn image: \u0026#x3C;img src=\"happy.gif\" alt=\"Happy face\" /\u003e\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWrong:\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-html\"\u003eA break: \u0026#x3C;br\u003e\n\nA horizontal rule: \u0026#x3C;hr\u003e\n\nAn image: \u0026#x3C;img src=\"happy.gif\" alt=\"Happy face\"\u003e\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"xhtml-elements-must-be-in-lowercase\"\u003eXHTML Elements Must be in Lowercase\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn XHTML, element names must always be in lowercase, like this:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCorrect:\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-html\"\u003e\u0026#x3C;body\u003e\n\n\u0026#x3C;p\u003eThis is a paragraph\u0026#x3C;/p\u003e\n\n\u0026#x3C;/body\u003e\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWrong:\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-html\"\u003e\u0026#x3C;BODY\u003e\n\n\u0026#x3C;P\u003eThis is a paragraph\u0026#x3C;/P\u003e\n\n\u0026#x3C;/BODY\u003e\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"xhtml-attribute-names-must-be-in-lowercase\"\u003eXHTML Attribute Names Must be in Lowercase\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn XHTML, attribute names must always be in lowercase, like this:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCorrect:\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-html\"\u003e\u0026#x3C;a href=\"https://www.w3schools.com/html/\"\u003eVisit our HTML tutorial\u0026#x3C;/a\u003e\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eWrong:\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-html\"\u003e\u0026#x3C;a HREF=\"https://www.w3schools.com/html/\"\u003eVisit our HTML tutorial\u0026#x3C;/a\u003e\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"xhtml-attribute-values-must-be-quoted\"\u003eXHTML Attribute Values Must be Quoted\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn XHTML, attribute values must always be quoted, like 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